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| 1462 |
| | | Portuguese settlers arrive to found Cidade Velha, on the Cape Verde island of Santiago | |
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| 1466 |
| | | The Portuguese settlers on the Cape Verde islands are granted a monopoly on the new slave trade | |
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| 1483 |
| | | The Portuguese establish a further presence on the west coast of Africa, at the mouth of the Congo river | |
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| 1488 |
| | | Bartolomeu Dias, sailing for the king of Portugal, becomes the first European navigator to round the Cape of Good Hope | |
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| 1492 |
| | | Christopher Columbus, together with the brothers Martin and Vicente Pinzón, sails west from Palos in Spain | |
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| 1492 |
| | | After sailing for five weeks from the Canaries, Columbus and the Pinzón brothers step ashore in the Bahamas | |
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| 1492 |
| | | Columbus and his fellow explorers make landfall on the largest of the Caribbean islands, Cuba | |
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| 1493 |
| | | Columbus returns to Spain, landing at Palos with news of his great discoveries | |
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| 1493 |
| | | Pope Alexander VI draws a line through the Atlantic, dividing new discoveries between Spain (west) and Portugal (east) | |
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| 1494 |
| | | In negotiations about the New World at Tordesillas, the king of Portugal insists on a new demarcation line which later brings him Brazil | |
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