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| 1260 |
| | | Kublai Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, is elected Great Khan of the Mongols | |
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| 1264 |
| | | Kublai defeats his brother Ariq Böge and thus establishes his position as Great Khan of the Mongols | |
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| 1271 |
| | | The Mongol leader Kublai Khan chooses a name for his new dynasty in China, calling it Ta Yuan ('Great Origin') | |
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| 1274 |
| | | The Mongol invasion of Japan in 1274 seems to confirm the doom and disaster foretold by the Buddhist prophet Nichiren | |
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| 1274 |
| | | Kublai Khan moves his administrative capital from Karakorum to what is now Beijing | |
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| 1275 |
| | | Marco Polo is presented to Kublai Khan in Xanadu, and according to his own account makes a very good impression | |
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| 1279 |
| | | With the fall of Hangzhou, the Song imperial capital, Kublai Khan's new Yüan dynasty is secure | |
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| 1279 |
| | | Resistance from the last adherents of the Song dynasty is finally brought to an end, giving Kublai Khan control of a united China | |
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| 11279 |
| | | Beijing (known to the Mongols as Khanbaliq, 'city of the khan', and to the Chinese as Dadu, 'great capital') becomes for the first time the capital of China | |
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| c. 1279 |
| | | The Tibetan link with the Mongols brings Tibet within the Chinese empire of Kublai Khan | |
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