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| 1171 |
| | | Saladin deposes the Fatimid caliph and brings Egypt back to orthodoxy, acknowledging the rule of the Sunni caliph in Baghdad | |
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| c. 1180 |
| | | In Cairo the Jewish philosoper Moses Maimonides writes, in Arabic, a much translated text with the endearing title Guide to the Perplexed | |
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| c. 1200 |
| | | Terracotta heads and figures are buried in graves in the region of Djenné in modern Mali | |
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| 1219 |
| | | St Francis of Assisi joins a crusading army in Egypt and attempts to convert the sultan Melek-el-Kamel and his followers to Christianity | |
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| c. 1240 |
| | | A warlord, Sundiata, conquers Ghana and establishes the kingdom of Mali | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | | The kingdom of Great Zimbabwe displaces Mapungubwe as the dominant Shona power in this region of southern Africa | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | | The Yoruba people of Ife create extraordinary sculptures in brass | |
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| 1250 |
| | | The last sultan of Saladin's dynasty is murdered by slaves in the palace guard, and Mameluke rule is reintroduced in Egypt | |
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| 1269 |
| | | The Marinids, a Berber tribe, take Marrakech and bring to an end Almohad rule in Morocco | |
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| c. 1270 |
| | | The Assassins are systematically destroyed by Baybars, the Mameluke sultan of Egypt | |
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