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| 1120 |
| | | The Knights Templar are founded, to protect pilgrims from the Muslims on the journey to Jerusalem | |
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| c. 1130 |
| | | A popular French poem, the Chanson de Roland, turns a minor disaster in one of Charlemagne's campaigns into a tale of epic heroism | |
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| c. 1130 |
| | | The full flowering of the Romanesque style is seen in the nave of the abbey church at Vézelay, in France | |
|  | Vezelay
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| 1132 |
| | | Work begins on the exquisite palace chapel in Palermo, built for the Norman kings of Sicily | |
|  | Capella Palatina, Christ Pantocrator
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| 1135 |
| | | On the death of Henry I, his nephew Stephen moves quickly to keep Henry's daughter Matilda off the English throne | |
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| c. 1136 |
| | | Walter FitzAlan takes a post as steward with the Scottish king, thus establishing the Stewart family and later dynasty | |
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| 1138 |
| | | Conrad III, of the Hohenstaufen family, is elected German king - a title which remains in the family for more than a century, bringing with it that of Holy Roman emperor | |
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| 1139 |
| | | Pope Innocent III and the second Lateran council outlaw the crossbow as a weapon causing unacceptable devastation | |
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| 1139 |
| | | Victory over the Muslims at Ourique is seen as the moment of Portugal's independence from the kingdom of Leon | |
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| 1142 |
| | | The great castle of Krak des Chevaliers is built in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem by the Knights of St John | |
|  | Krak des Chevaliers
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