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| 1054 |
| | | A Russian chronicle makes the first mention of the marauding Polovtsy, who persistently raid Russian cities from the steppes | |
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| 1054 |
| | | A papal delegate (from Leo IX) excommunicates Cerularius, the Patriarch of Constantinople, and the delegate is excommunicated in retaliation, launching a lasting East-West Schism | |
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| 1157 |
| | | A Russian prince, Andrei Bogolyubski, makes his capital east of Moscow at Vladimir, where he builds a cathedral and several churches | |
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| 1237 |
| | | Batu Khan and his Mongols sweep into Russia, where they and their descendants become known as the Golden Horde | |
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| 1240 |
| | | Alexander, a Russian prince, defeats a Swedish army on the frozen river Neva, thus winning his name Alexander Nevksy | |
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| 1252 |
| | | Alexander Nevsky, appointed grand prince of Vladimir in 1252, thrives by collaborating with the Mongols of the Golden Horde | |
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| 1270 |
| | | Novgorod asserts its independence, electing its own city magistrate to take over the role of the local Russian prince | |
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| 1323 |
| | | A treaty divides Finland between two powerfully competitive neighbours, Sweden and Novgorod | |
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| 1326 |
| | | Moscow acquires new prestige when the metropolitan (or patriarch) of the Russian Orthodox church moves his residence from Vladimir | |
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| 1380 |
| | | Dimitri, grand prince of Moscow, leads other Russian princes in a crushing victory over the Mongols on the Kulikovo plain | |
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