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| 258 |
| | Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, is one of many Christians martyred for refusing to sacrifice to the Roman gods | |
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| c. 300 |
| | St Anthony, one of the early Christian hermits in the Egyptian desert, is tempted by terrifying hallucinations | |
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| c. 300 |
| | The Jews of the Diaspora have by now spread through much of the Roman empire, where they are treated with tolerance | |
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| 303 |
| | The emperor Diocletian initiates a sustained persecution of Christians in the Roman empire | |
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| c. 320 |
| | Pachomius organizes in Egypt the first community of Christian monks, at Dandara on the Nile | |
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| c. 350 |
| | The Cushite dynasty fades away in Nubia, after lasting for 1000 years or more | |
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| c. 350 |
| | Frumentius, brought to Ethiopia as a slave, becomes the kingdom's first Christian bishop | |
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| 367 |
| | A document is distributed by the bishop of Alexandria, formally establishing the contents of the New Testament | |
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| c. 380 |
| | The Codex Sinaiticus, the earliest surviving manuscript of the complete New Testament, is copied out - probably in Egypt | |
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| c. 400 |
| | St Augustine reveals that as a young man, studying and teaching in Carthage, he often prayed for 'chastity and continence, but not yet' | |
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