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| 36 BC |
| | | Cleopatra gives birth to another son of Mark Antony's and calls him Ptolemy Philadelphus | |
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| 34 BC |
| | | In a spectacular cerermony known as the Donations of Alexandria, Mark Antony distributes the eastern Roman territories between Cleopatra, her eldest son (Caesarion) and his own three children | |
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| 31 BC |
| | | Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra (both are at sea with their fleets) in a battle off the Greek coast at Actium | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Octavian arrives in Egypt with an army, and holds Cleopatra a prisoner in her palace in Alexandria | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Hearing that Cleopatra is dead (false news, as it turns out), Mark Antony commits suicide in Alexandria | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Cleopatra commits suicide, applying a poisonous asp to her breast, | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | The Egyptians declare Caesarion to be their pharaoh, but it is not long before he is executed by Octavian - bringing to an end the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Octavian annexes Egypt as a Roman territory and takes back to Rome the vast treasures of the Egyptian pharaohs | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | With the annexation of Egypt, the entire Mediterranean falls under Roman control | |
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| 29 BC |
| | | When Octavian's Egyptian hoard reaches Rome, the standard rate of interest falls from 12% to 4% | |
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