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| 217 BC |
| | | Hannibal surprises and traps a Roman army on a narrow plain beside Lake Trasimene | |
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| 216 BC |
| | | Hannibal destroys a Roman army at Cannae, in the most severe defeat ever suffered by Rome | |
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| 196 BC |
| | | The Romans, after defeating Macedon, announce at the Isthmian Games that all Greek states are now free under Roman protection | |
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| c. 185 BC |
| | | Plautus and Terence, in the second and third century BC, create a Roman drama based on Greek originals | |
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| c. 160 BC |
| | | The Roman statesman Cato the Elder writes Origines ('Origins'), a history of Rome which survives only in fragments | |
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| 149 BC |
| | | Rome picks a quarrel with Carthage to begin the Third Punic War | |
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| 146 BC |
| | | Carthage is destroyed by the Romans at the end of the Third Punic War | |
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| 139 BC |
| | | A secret ballot is instituted for Roman citizens, who mark their vote on a tablet and place it in an urn | |
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| 133 BC |
| | | The tribune Tiberius Gracchus is murdered by a mob which includes Roman senators | |
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| 121 BC |
| | | The tribune Gaius Gracchus is murdered by an armed group, led by a consul, after which 3000 of his supporters are rounded up and executed | |
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