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| c. 280 BC |
| | | A great lighthouse, subsequently one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is built on the island of Pharos, off Alexandria | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Jews of Alexandria commission the Greek translation of the Old Testament which becomes known as the Septuagint | |
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| c. 260 BC |
| | | The 500,000 scrolls in the library at Alexandria are listed in a catalogue, which itself runs to 120 scrolls | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The organ, using a mechanical device to pump air through a set of musical pipes, is invented in Alexandria by Ctesibius | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The first alchemists, working in Alexandria, are also the world's first experimental chemists | |
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| 48 BC |
| | | Julius Caesar, now fifty-two, meets the 21-year-old Cleopatra in Alexandria and they become lovers | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Octavian arrives in Egypt with an army, and holds Cleopatra a prisoner in her palace in Alexandria | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Cleopatra commits suicide, applying a poisonous asp to her breast, | |
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| 69 |
| | | Vespasian, proclaimed emperor by his troops in Alexandria, is the survivor among this year's four emperors | |
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| c. 75 |
| | | Hero, a Greek scientist in Alexandria, devises various forms of steam engine | |
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