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| 472 BC |
| | The Olympic games are extended to five days, the first and last of which are taken up with religious ceremonies | |
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| c. 470 BC |
| | Vardhamana, an Indian prince, leaves home to live as a beggar - at the start of the Jain religion | |
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| 468 BC |
| | Sophocles wins the prize for tragedy in Athens, defeating Aeschylus in the competition | |
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| c. 466 BC |
| | The Athenian general Cimon wins a spectacular victory over the Persians at the mouth of the Eurymedon River, in southwest Turkey | |
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| c. 465 BC |
| | Pericles is one of a radical group in Athens, eager to curb the reactionaries controlling the Areopagus, and hostile to Sparta | |
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| 464 BC |
| | An earthquake in Sparta leads to an uprising by the helots, who take up a defensive position on Mount Ithome | |
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| 463 BC |
| | Sparta appeals to its allies for help against the helots, and Athens - against the wishes of Pericles and his group - sends an army | |
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| 462 BC |
| | With the army away, Pericles introduces full democracy for all Athenian citizens, enabling them to vote and participate in the administration of the state | |
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| c. 462 BC |
| | Sparta causes offence in Athens by dismissing the Athenian army without using them against the helots | |
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| 461 BC |
| | Athens makes provocative alliances with two city-states opposed to Sparta | |
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