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| 480 BC |
| | | 300 Spartans, led by Leonidas, die attempting to hold the pass of Thermopylae against the advancing Persian army | |
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| 480 BC |
| | | The Athenian fleet defeats a considerably larger Persian force in the narrow strait between Salamis and the mainland | |
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| 479 BC |
| | | A Spartan army, led by Pausanias, wins a victory at Plataea, completing the rout of the Persians on the Greek mainland | |
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| 405 BC |
| | | The last remaining Athenian fleet is surprised and destroyed by the Spartans in the Hellespont | |
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| 371 BC |
| | | A Spartan army is overwhelmed at Leuctra by a smaller number of Thebans under Epaminondas | |
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| 338 BC |
| | | Philip of Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes at Chaeronaea, giving him control of Greece | |
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| 334 BC |
| | | At the river Granicus, not far from Troy, Alexander defeats a Persian army employing many Greek mercenaries | |
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| 333 BC |
| | | At Issus, close to the Turkish border with Syria, Alexander defeats the Persian emperor Darius III, captures his family and treats them with courtesy | |
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| 260 BC |
| | | The new Roman fleet wins a decisive victory over the Carthaginians at Mylae, thanks largely to the 'raven' (corvus in Latin) | |
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| 241 BC |
| | | A Roman naval victory at Trapani, off the northwest tip of Sicily, completes the blockade of the Carthaginians and ends the First Punic War | |
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