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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The painters of Greek vases develop the black-figure style, with the scene depicted in black silhouette against a red ground | |
|  | Greek vase, black-figure style
Fotofile CG
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The Greeks develop the Babylonian theme of the zodiac, naming it the zodiakos kyklos or circle of animals | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The city-states of the Peloponnese unite in a defensive league under Spartan leadership | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The hoplite - a Greek citizen, heavily armed in bronze and leather - proves a formidable fighting man | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The phalanx, though not originally devised in Greece, is a devastating formation on the battlefield when composed of hoplites | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The Greek city states pioneer the use of citizen armies, made up of free men who bring their own fighting equipment | |
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| c. 545 BC |
| | | Cyrus annexes the Greek territory of Ionia as part of his empire, giving Persia a presence on the Aegean | |
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| 534 BC |
| | | Thespis, traditionally considered the first actor, wins the drama competition in Athens | |
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| c. 529 BC |
| | | The Greek mathematician Pythagoras establishes himself, along with his followers, in southern Italy | |
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| c. 527 BC |
| | | The Athenian ruler Peisistratos dies and is peacefully succeeded by his son, Hippias | |
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