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| 689 BC |
| | | The Assyrian king, Sennacherib, destroys with great brutality the city of Babylon | |
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| c. 667 BC |
| | | Byzantium (the future Constantinople) is founded as a colony of Megara, a Greek city-state | |
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| 663 BC |
| | | The Egyptian city of Memphis falls to an Assyrian army, soon to be followed by Thebes | |
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| 612 BC |
| | | The Medes and the Babylonians destroy Nineveh and bring to an end the power of Assyria | |
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| 586 BC |
| | | After a long siege Jerusalem is taken by Nebuchadnezzar and the city, including Solomon's Temple, is destroyed | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | Larache is founded as a Carthaginian colony on the Atlantic coast of Africa | |
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| 546 BC |
| | | Sardis, the capital city of the Lydian ruler Croesus, is taken by the Persians | |
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| 539 BC |
| | | A Persian army captures Babylon and brings it into the empire of Cyrus the Great | |
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| 525 BC |
| | | The Persians defeat an Egyptian army at Pelusium and then capture Memphis | |
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| 416 BC |
| | | The Athenians, capturing Melos, kill all the males of the island and sell the women and children into slavery | |
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