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| c. -800 BC |
| | | The Assyrian army makes good use of the new technology by which iron can be hardened into steel suitable for weapons | |
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| c. 340 BC |
| | | The Macedonians develop the catapult as a siege engine for the armies of Philip II and Alexander the Great | |
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| 299 BC |
| | | The Roman siege technique is improved by the 'tortoise' which protects the attacking force | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The Chinese develop the crossbow, many centuries before its use in Europe | |
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| 674 |
| | | A Muslim fleet attacking Constantinople is deterred by the first known use of the Byzantine secret recipe for 'Greek fire' | |
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| c. 1040 |
| | | A Chinese manual on warfare includes the earliest known description of gunpowder | |
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| 1139 |
| | | Pope Innocent III and the second Lateran council outlaw the crossbow as a weapon causing unacceptable devastation | |
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| c. 1200 |
| | | The longbow, a weapon of great use to English armies, is probably first developed in Wales | |
|  | Sketch of a Welsh archer still shown with a short bow, 13th century
National Archives, Kew
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| 1298 |
| | | The English longbow, in one of its early appearances, proves too much for the Scots at Falkirk | |
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| 1327 |
| | | The earliest surviving illustration of a cannon is drawn in this year (in a manuscript now in Oxford) | |
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