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| 2781 BC |
| | | Sirius rises in this year on the first day of the first Egyptian month - a rare event which possibly launches the Egyptian calendar system | |
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| c. 2620 BC |
| | | Imhotep creates the first pyramid - the 'step pyramid' at Saqqara - as a tomb for the pharaoh Djoser | |
|  | Saqqara
Fotofile CG
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| c. 2600 BC |
| | | The Canaanites establish themselves in the region around what is now Jerusalem | |
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| c. 2580 BC |
| | | Egypt enters the period known as the Old Kingdom, its first era of monumental architecture | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | At Huaca Prieta, the earliest known farming community in South America, squash, gourds and chili are cultivated | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The delicate seals of the Indus civilization are in a script as yet undeciphered | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The first and largest of the three great pyramids at Giza is built for the pharaoh Khufu, later known to the Greeks as Cheops | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The inhabitants of Huaca Prieta grow cotton, from which they weave a coarse cloth | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The treasures found in the royal cemetery at Ur include a depiction of soldiers in copper helmets, armed with battleaxes | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | A small neolithic community builds a village at Skara Brae in the Orkneys, of stone houses with built-in stone furniture | |
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