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| c. 300 BC |
| | | The Celts move across the Channel into Britain, soon becoming the dominant ethnic group in the island | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Euclid, teaching at the museum in Alexandria, writes what becomes Europe's standard textbook on geometry | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | The Indian epic of romance and adventure, the Ramayana, is probably the work of a single author at about this time | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Jewish community of Alexandria coins the word diaspora for Jews living far from Israel | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Alexandrian school of medicine develops an alarming form of clinical anatomy – human vivisection | |
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| c. 270 BC |
| | | On the small Greek island of Samos an astronomer, Aristarchus, comes to the startling conclusion that the earth is in orbit round the sun | |
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| 264 BC |
| | | The first gladiatorial contests in Rome are part of the entertainment at a funeral, and soon become popular | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The organ, using a mechanical device to pump air through a set of musical pipes, is invented in Alexandria by Ctesibius | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | Archimedes (it is said) leaps out of his bath shouting eureka ('I have found it') when he perceives how to test for relative density | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | Asoka, extending his rule over much of India, proclaims his Buddhist faith on pillars and in rock inscriptions | |
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