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| c. 1864 |
| | | Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell presents to the Royal Society his discoveries in the field of electromagnetics, now known collectively as Maxwell's Equations | |
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| 1864 |
| | | The first Geneva Convention establishes standards for the treatment of the wounded in war | |
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| 1864 |
| | | The Federal government confiscates the Arlington estate of Confederate general Robert E. Lee and turns it into a war cemetery | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Imperial Chinese troops and Gordon's auxiliaries take Nanjing, the rebel capital, finally bringing to an end the Taiping rebellion | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Pope Pius IX includes socialism, civil marriage and secular education among eighty modern errors listed in his Syllabus | |
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| 1864 |
| | | William Tecumseh Sherman captures Atlanta, the first important southern city to fall into Union hands | |
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| 1864 |
| | | Dostoevsky publishes Notes from Underground, the bitter memories of a retired civil servant that is often described as the first existentialist novel | |
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| 1864 |
| | | President Lincoln is re-elected for a second term, thanks largely to recent Union successes on the Civil War battlefields | |
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| c. 1864 |
| | | The Hungerford Railway Bridge, also known as the Charing Cross Railway Bridge, brings trains to Charing Cross Station | |
|  | Hungerford Railway Bridge, watercolour, c.1870
Guildhall Library
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| 1864 |
| | | William T. Sherman reaches the coast and captures Savannah, after his violently destructive 'march to the sea' | |
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