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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The Romans evolve a system of numerals which, until the end of the Middle Ages, is a handicap to western arithmetic | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | Buddhism reaches Sri Lanka as a result of the missionary efforts of the Indian ruler, Asoka | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | To help the king of Syracuse extract water from the hold of a ship (so the story goes), Archimedes invents the screw now known by his name | |
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| 241 BC |
| | | A Roman naval victory at Trapani, off the northwest tip of Sicily, completes the blockade of the Carthaginians and ends the First Punic War | |
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| 241 BC |
| | | At the end of the First Punic War, Sicily becomes Rome's first overseas province | |
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| c. 240 BC |
| | | Spain, with its mines of gold, silver and copper, is a hotly disputed region between Carthage and Rome | |
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| 239 BC |
| | | Ptolemy III issues the Decree of Canopus, the earliest known in the Ptolemaic series of public decrees inscribed in stone in two languages and three scripts | |
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| 228 BC |
| | | Hamilcar Barca dies fighting in Spain, after establishing a strong Carthaginian presence in the peninusula | |
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| 227 BC |
| | | Sardinia and Corsica are annexed by Rome, becoming the second Roman overseas province | |
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| c. 225 BC |
| | | A treaty defines the Ebro river as the Spanish boundary between Carthage and Rome | |
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