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| 221 BC |
| | | After 800 years the Zhou dynasty is brought to an end by the ruler of the Qin kingdom | |
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| 221 BC |
| | | The ruthless Qin dynasty establishes control over the whole of central China | |
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| 221 BC |
| | | Hannibal succeeds to the command of the Carthaginian forces in Spain, on the death of his brother-in-law Hasdrubal | |
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| c. 220 BC |
| | | The Greek mathematician Eratosthenes calculates the circumference of the world with the help of shadows and camels | |
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| 218 BC |
| | | Hannibal crosses the Alps with his elephants, beginning the Second Punic War | |
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| 217 BC |
| | | Hannibal surprises and traps a Roman army on a narrow plain beside Lake Trasimene | |
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| 216 BC |
| | | Hannibal destroys a Roman army at Cannae, in the most severe defeat ever suffered by Rome | |
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| c. 215 BC |
| | | The Qin emperor joins up earlier fortifications to create the Great Wall of China | |
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| 213 BC |
| | | In the Qin dictatorship, all Confucian books are burnt (except those of any practical use) and 460 Confucian scholars are executed | |
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| 207 BC |
| | | A delegate from imperial China establishes the kingdom of Nam-Viet with himself as king | |
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