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More than 5000 entries on the history, culture and life of Britain (published in 1993 by Macmillan, now out of print)
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Tarmac
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Company involved in roads, housing, and the manufacture of construction materials. The trade name dates back to a patent of 1902, taken out by Purnell Hooley (1860–1942), the county surveyor of Nottingham, for a road surface formed of tar mixed with iron slag – waste material from the blast furnaces of iron works. The general name tar-macadam had been in use since the 1880s for various improvements to *McAdam's famous road surface by the addition of tar, but Hooley's method proved the most effective. He formed his company in 1903.
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