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More than 5000 entries on the history, culture and life of Britain (published in 1993 by Macmillan, now out of print)
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Fox Talbot
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(William Henry Fox Talbot, 1800–77) Pioneer photographer who in 1835 was the first to expose a successful negative; one of that summer's tiny paper negatives survives, showing an oriel window at *Lacock Abbey (it is now in the *Science Museum in London). By 1840 he had speeded up the negative-positive process, reducing exposure times and increasing the paper size. In 1841 he patented this kind of image (the basis of all subsequent photography) under the name of *calotype – derived from the Greek for 'beautiful impression'. His book The Pencil of Nature (1844–6) was the first to be illustrated with photographs.
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