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More than 5000 entries on the history, culture and life of Britain (published in 1993 by Macmillan, now out of print)
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HenryoIII
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(1207–72) King of England from 1216; son of King *John and Isabella of Angoulême; married Eleanor of Provence (1236).
At the age of nine he inherited from his father a kingdom in chaos, which was only gradually recovered for him by a council of regency with papal support; and in his later years his extravagance and lack of judgement alienated his barons to such an extent that they for a while took power. It was therefore only in the middle section of his long reign that he effectively ruled.
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The barons forced his acceptance in 1258 of the *Provisions of Oxford, by which he and a council of 15 barons were to share power. It was his subsequent denial of this agreement which provoked the uprising led by Simon de *Montfort, who captured Henry at Lewes in 1264. De Montfort was defeated in the following year by Henry's son, Edward. It was to him that the king left the control of the country in his final years, and it was he who succeeded as *Edward I (see the *royal house).
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