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More than 5000 entries on the history, culture and life of Britain (published in 1993 by Macmillan, now out of print)
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golliwog
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Black doll created as a character for children by Florence Upton (1873–1922), an illustrator born in the USA of English parents. She was living in England by the time The Adventures of two Dutch dolls and a Golliwogg appeared in 1895, with verses by her mother, Bertha Upton (1849–1912). It was the first of a long series, and Golliwog himself rapidly became a craze. He was based on a favourite doll of Florence's childhood. In World War I she put the two Dutch dolls and Golliwog up for auction to buy an ambulance. The purchasers presented them to *Chequers, where they remained for many years – until Golliwog's political incorrectness made them unsuitable. They are now in the *Bethnal Green Museum of Childhood.
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