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More than 5000 entries on the history, culture and life of Britain (published in 1993 by Macmillan, now out of print)
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Commonwealth
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(1649–1660) The period between the execution of *Charles I and the *Restoration. England was declared a commonwealth on the day of Charles's death, 30 January 1649. For four years the House of Commons ran the country, but in 1653 the army gave power to Oliver *Cromwell as Lord Protector, a role in which his son Richard succeeded him for eight months after Cromwell's death. The years 1653–9 are therefore also known separately as the Protectorate.
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